Gimpel The Fool Essays (664 words) - Gimpel, Fool, Saul Bellow

Gimpel The Fool Dirk Bargen Dr. William Tuttle Prologue to Literature 2-11-2000 An Explication of Singers Gimpel the Fool The story Gimpel the Fool is written in first individual perspective; and the storyteller, Gimpel, is the principle character in the story. In the initial passage in the story Singer shows how solid of a storyteller that Gimpel is. Gimpel shares huge numbers of the monikers he has had given to him in school, including numbskull, jackass, flax-head, dope, glump, ninny, and dolt. He at that point says that he was viewed as a dolt since he was effortlessly taken in. He gave a case of one of the circumstances that earned him that title. They stated, Gimpel, you know the rabbis spouse has been brought to childbed? So I played hooky. All things considered, it ended up being a falsehood. How was I expected to? She hadnt had a major stomach. In any case, I never truly saw her midsection. I imagine that it shows only a lot of genuineness on Gimpels part to clarify the circumstance the way that he does. He doesnt even attempt to make it sound as though it was even difficult to trick him. He ju st revealed to it the specific way that it occurred; they disclosed to him an untruth and he didnt even inquiry it, he just trusted it. He doesnt attempt to make the falsehood sound any longer conceivable than it was it is possible that; he is straightforward and direct. He likewise gives you knowledge on his perspective, which is exceptionally open and unguarded. After his second case of absurdity Gimpel says, I was no weakling. On the off chance that I slapped somebody hed see right to Cracow. Be that as it may, Im truly not a slugger commonly. I ponder internally, Let it pass. So they exploit me. These are not expressions of a moron, yet they are expressions of an exceptionally trusting and solid character. Gimpel is made to be a hero character in the initial section. Vocalist sort of causes you to feel sorry for him with the accounts of different children being mean to him in school. That joined with his thorough genuineness, you end up identifying for Gimpel. Artist describes Gimpel as a blameless soul that is exploited for the different childrens delight and diversion. By doing this Singer makes different kids opponent characters. In a manner the youngsters are lumped together to be one character; sort of like Gimpels enemy. Vocalist utilizes several unique approaches to make the character Gimpel. As a matter of first importance he utilizes what different characters state about him and do to him. As we probably am aware different children at school say he is an idiot, and exploit him for their own amusement. I dont imagine this was utilized make him into a stupid character. I think it was utilized to make Gimpel into a casualty, a thoughtful character. Next, the storytellers depictions of himself do a major piece of making his character. In the initial lines he says, I dont think myself a blockhead. Despite what might be expected. In addition the last scarcely any sentences he that discussions of himself as not being a slugger and he recognizes the way that the children are exploiting him. It truly makes Gimpel out to not being an idiot, however and makes him into being a saint. Thirdly, I feel that the activities of the storyteller, him being a peaceful individual, kind describes as over that sort of co nduct. Which doesnt make Gimpel a simpleton by any means, it makes different youngsters the idiots. Work Cited Gimpel the Fool. Writing: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama seventh version. 1999. Kennedy, X.J. what's more, Giola, Dana. Isaac Basevis Singer:Translated by Saul Bellow. English Essays

Theories of False Memories and Confessions

Speculations of False Memories and Confessions Presentation Basically, the remembrance strategy is a compound equation, into which the human brain takes care of general information, logical dataâ€both present and past, and substitute recollections (Hyman and Loftus, 2008). It is through the control of such options that criminologists have discovered that psychological frailties and interior breakdown take into consideration intimidation and extraction of bogus recollections and admissions. At last, the extensive idea of this field administers the utilization of distortion and misguidance inside clinical members, in this way influencing youngsters through older folks, each adjusting distinctive mental points of view to the acknowledgment of bogus recollections. However the inspirations driving such impact are what keep on affecting the extent of examination, moving analysts and experts to decipher their informational indexes as per the solution of hypothesis and study rules. The mix-up in this methodology, as confirm in the accompanying exa minations is legitimately lined up with the assorted idea of the brain itself. Eventually, mental frailties and individual contrasts influence the limit with regards to bogus memory procurement, subsequently changing the translatability of such an expansive scope of clinical preliminaries. The truth of memory is that it is an element of way of life factors, impacted by feeling, support, and suppression, and intermittently a mind-boggling need to mislead. Along these lines, as analysts seek after the facts behind compulsion and acknowledgment of bogus events, elective variable including condition, social and enthusiastic gesture, and experiential predisposition must be thought of. The establishment of criminology is a genuine gutting inside a protected and frequently clouded wandering of unimportant subtleties and happenstances. So as to practically apply these hypotheses to the investigation of bogus recollections and admissions, criminologists must recognize those factors which are unimportant and those which legitimately adjust the limit with regards to prope r source observing and coding. Examination The accompanying segments distinguish the applicable hypotheses inside the field of bogus recollections and admissions, in this manner featuring the quirks which separate hypothesis from field results. Given that the investigation of memory mistake and misrepresentation has developed over a wide range of members and studies, clashing outcomes do emerge expecting scientists to additionally extrapolate those establishments which can give a substantially more criticizing remedies and examinations. At last, the establishment for bogus recollections gets from situational, relevant, passionate, and suggestible marvels, each adding to the disappointment of inner memory control systems, for example, codification and source observing. Photos and Events From a clinical point of view, inquire about on bogus recollections is frequently directed using an expansive scope of members and photographic or occasion based proposals. As scientists note that bogus recollections advance from differed organizations and situations, the internment of such portrayals inside a patient’s mind is legitimately identified with acknowledgment, setting, and credit (Wade, et al., 2002). To get to these factors inside the respondent’s mind, specialists will offer them an interesting bogus memory, one which when fittingly coordinated can turn into a heritage memory, distinctive and genuine in everything about. While these means remain the establishment of bogus memory investigate, actually factors interned inside the participant’s intellectual abilities are really answerable for the assumptive application. Attribution to an individual encounter, or as such, individual implantation advances from the coercive elements including setting, soc ial, and enthusiastic impacts. Hyman and Loftus (1998) feature an inside assumptive nature inside mankind wherein photos are credited a validity, one which is unequivocally solid and regarded an interminable portrayal of enthusiastic epitome. However this desire is temperamental except if the member is both open to proposal and prepared by inner systems, including experiential significance. An investigation investigating the effect of doctored pictures and their unwavering quality in memory intimidation led by Wade et al. (2002) verified that from a criminology stance, the potential for deception through picture doctoring is both genuine and relevant. Pressure of litigants in a controlled setting through photographic control is a powerful method of producing acknowledgment of arrangement, crime, and activities. What must be additionally abused, be that as it may, is the way that basically setting a person’s face or consider along with a wrongdoing scene and afterward endeavoring to persuade them regarding i ts legitimacy isn't a compelling, nor inside translatable procedure. Truth be told, the photographic characteristics themselves are not ordinarily the deciding variable in an admission. Situational pertinence, natural factors, and the extent of discipline will regularly bring about bogus memory age under the imperative of interesting photos or other proof. Nonetheless, specifically contemplates, where recommendation of legitimacy is improved by recognizable figures, the ability to acknowledge its unwavering quality become considerably upgraded (Wade, 2002). Actually, scientists have featured that when combined with clear recollections of youth occasions, pictures can couple with creative mind to deliver viable pseudomemories (Lindsay et al., 2004). Surprisingly, the mixture of both creative mind and conviction improve the acknowledgment of the photo, consequently bringing out a memory which is legitimately lined up with seen understanding. In truth, experience is then made through m ental approval, upgrading the respondent’s acknowledgment of the real world and distorting an enduring memory. Truly, contemplates have spoken to the idea of bogus memory as both logically and transiently determined, misusing both age and financial foundation to endeavor to distinguish those factors which most energize adulterated portrayal (Bruck et al., 2002; McFarlane et al., 2002; Jones and Powell, 2005). Shockingly, the clarification for the improved misrepresentation at later worldly dates is restricted by the extent of trial develops, avoiding those complexities which most impact youth translation, including condition, understanding, and enthusiastic gesture. Notwithstanding improved detail offered by youngsters according to bogus situations, the basic ramifications show that disguise of symbolism and detail from earlier meetings is straightforwardly identified with the aberrance from real occasions. Hence, future investigations must adventure the previously mentioned factors to decide how situational memory and impact coordinates the disguise of bogus recollections. In situations wher e sexual maltreatment is indicated, the enthusiastic ties and intriguing impact of the clinician will as a rule inspire a bogus memory which prompts a criminal conviction. Informers have been known to produce their charges through disguised reactions to intriguing occasion or photos, in this way consolidating feeling and compulsion into a bogus particular occurrence. Encoding and Imagination A significant part of the exploration encompassing bogus recollections and bogus admissions advances from controlled clinical situations through which respondents are exposed to either an intriguing memory or control memory. Scientists note that paying little mind to age, the intelligent procedure through which subjects take part in encoding recommendations or misleadingly prompted recollections impacts the profundity of misattribution and internment (Zargoza and Lane, 1994). These foundation inspirations remain darkened, along these lines constraining the clinical professional’s capacity to fittingly decipher results on a more profound and progressively prescriptive level. One gesture inside this domain of study advances from a Freudian idea of youth amnesia, through which recollections before age eight are probably going to be deficient top to bottom and lucidity. From this suspicion, considers have confirmed that kids are also helpless to securing of bogus recollections and burden of falsehood as an apparent reality inside the amnesic time frame as they are after its commencement (Strange et al., 2008). Hence, the idea of bogus memory affiliation is both transiently and logically applicable, improved by insufficient source observing just as inappropriate codification of deception. The capacity to accurately distinguish the wellspring of specific data, regardless of whether through memory or recommendation, and decipher it into a memory or outside information is periodically constrained by a psychological or mental disappointment or fragility (Johnson et al., 1993). Explicitness in addressing while talking with kids or grown-ups will in many cases direct the heading of the reaction. Excellent of such conduct, considers identifying with kids and their memory of physical assessment or inappropriate grabbing have exhibited that affectability to questioner requests, including the convention of the setting and length of the meeting, can prompt off base reac tions (Bruck et al., 2000). Given that strategies for encoding change on a transient level, one which advances all through development, bogus recollections and admissions advance out of a situational significance, one which is both relevantly and by and by connected to the member. Over longer timeframes, Huffman et al. (1997) established that the viability of an imparted bogus memory can get modified, periodically decreasing or eradicating the memory by and large. Accommodating in perceiving the slightness of bogus recollections, creative mind considers, explicitly those in which respondents are proposed a bogus memory and requested to disguise its event, have verified that through recommendation and individual codification that members could come to accept that they had encountered a specific event (Hyman and Pentland, 1996; Mazzon

Genetics assignment three Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hereditary qualities task three - Essay Example alludes to variation articulation of chromosomes, portions of chromosomes, or individual qualities, contingent upon any of the two genders from where they get acquired. For the accomplishment of engraving, hereditary materials can get changed during the procedure of gamete creation or close to the starting early stage development in any of the two genders (Judd 33). Along these lines, the engraved qualities decide the attributes that are explained in an unexpected manner in comparison to would be the normal case under unmistakable Mendelian legacy. This affirmation is bogus since engraving isn't explicitly enactment of the Y chromosome in light of the fact that with engraved qualities one can acquire just one working duplicate of the quality both from the mother or a dad (Judd 46). Along these lines, contingent upon the quality, either the duplicate of the dad or the mother, by expansion of methyl bunches at some phase during sperm or egg development can epigenetically get hushed. b) Turner mosaicism could have emerged through mistakes in early fetal cell division that brought about a portion of the cells having two complete duplicates of the X chromosome though the other have just one duplicate. The missing X chromosome brings about formative blames in the baby. Judd, Sandra J. Congenital Disorders Sourcebook: Basic Consumer Health Information about Nonhereditary Birth Defects and Disorders Related to Prematurity, Gestational Injuries, Congenital Infections, and Birth Complications, including Heart Defects, Hydrocephalus, Spina. second ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2007.

Sports Management Outdoor Fabrics

Question: Examine about the Sports Management for Outdoor Fabrics. Answer: Presentation The games club is a significant place for giving relaxation and sports exercises across various nations and that incorporates Canada. Sports clubs shapes an indispensable piece of the social network along these lines, it is vital that the games clubs are financed for the administrations they offer (Hauge Power, 2012). The games club has certain costs that it needs to shoulder like managerial costs, pay rates for mentors, costs identified with office and so forth. So as to back this costs the club masterminds finance from income of enrollment charges, expenses for confirmation, gathering pledges, gift, sponsorship administrations, business exercises and appropriations of government (Slack, 2014). All the games club doesnt can get salary from all the streams and much of the time it very well may be seen that consumption of the club is more than the pay. If there should arise an occurrence of monetary trouble, one of the manner in which sports club mastermind account is by applying gove rnment sponsorships. The legislature for the most part gives endowment dependent on auxiliary rule (Parent Chappelet, 2015). It implies that the legislature offers money related help to the club so as to expand the income of the club. Government Subsidy for sports The endowments are valuable in sports for the most part for two reasons one is to acquire the ideal monetary result from the action and another goal of giving appropriation is to secure the activity and give development to the economy (Jayawardena et al., 2013). There are sure idiosyncrasies in the economy of elite athletics group. In Canada, the expert groups are not offered help by the administration (Kidd, 2013). Therefore, the Canadian groups have performed ineffectively because of frail cash of the nation and high taxation rate. For example, the Vancouver Canucks in the year 1998 had income of $54.8 million yet there was a foreseen loss of about $20 million (Li, 2014). These misfortunes were credited to pay raise by over 30%. It was discovered that Canadian games clubs pay more property charges than the greater part of the US clubs. In Canada, a wearing club is required to pay temporary and government annual expense, property charge, burdens on delight in deals of ticket, genera l deals charge, overcharges, capital assessments, corporate duties and retaining charges (DiRenzo, 2016). Monetary Impact of Professional Sports Team The examination identified with the effect of elite athletics group in the economy of a nation is generally new. The investigations have discovered that the pro game group encourages the nearby economy to assemble noteworthy measure of financial action (Hamilton, 2012). The effect of pro game group in the nearby economy is concentrated in two sections one is long haul and another is present moment. It was discovered that in the momentary pro athletics group gives a lift to the nearby economy (Leeds Von Allmen 2016). While on dissecting the drawn out the effect of pro athletics group in the economy it was discovered that they have none or least effect on the economy. In Canada, pro game club is a significant level of diversion supplier and gives prominent to the games business (Alderson, 2015). The elite athletics club has the huge capacity to make monetary and work action in the economy. The game clubs both expert and amateur contributes fundamentally to the Canadas economy (Hambleton, 2016). According to the insights sports club and other related action has contributed $608 million in the Gross residential item. It has additionally made altogether 23715 occupations according to the record gave by the administration (Bednarik et al., 2013). Notwithstanding the financial movement produced by the games group there is likewise critical interest in the foundation. This huge interest in foundation likewise decidedly impacts the economy. Outside Beneficiaries The nearness of an expert club in the city creates financial movement that implies there are outside gatherings that profit by the club. The expert game played by the club pulls in enormous fans as they visit the arena to watch the match. This action of driving fans to the arena helps the taxi drivers and other vehicle offices to produce salary. The expert donning club takes an interest in major games and it creates the travel industry action that enables the nearby economy (To slack, 2012). This can be clarified with the assistance of a model in 1991 it was evaluated that Toronto Blue jays has produced an expected measure of $39.4 million for the travel industry and furthermore helped in making occupations of 1800 people groups. In another case for Montreal expos, it very well may be said 11% of their fans originate from outside therefore adding to the development of nearby economy. This assists with boosting the neighborhood inn industry and cafés that gains from the convergence o f guests with the end goal of sports. The nearness of a pro athletics club makes a brandishing situation of the city. It drives the retail of sports products and gear. If there should be an occurrence of significant games the offer of pullover, flag and so on of the pro athletics club increments in this manner the retailer and producer turns into the recipient. The rundown of recipients that profits by the nearness of a games club incorporates substitution suppliers like taxis, lodgings in and around the arena, cafés close to the arena, retailers of sports things and producers of the games things (Kidd 2013). Plan The recipient gets the advantages from the nearness of the expert donning club of Toronto Maple Leafs yet they don't pay for these advantages. Consequently an expense framework is being arranged that could take advantage of this recipients and could give endowment from this add up to the club. On account of games, the traffic is required to be directed this could give the neighborhood position to gather an extra assessment. The nearby authority could make it obligatory that for going close to the arena the taxis or different vehicles would require a unique authorization that will include expenses. It is evaluated that there will be 5000 vehicles that will require this authorization in a match day. On the off chance that the rate fixed is $50 per vehicle, at that point the evaluated assortment will be $250000.00 for a day. On the off chance that there are evaluated 50 matches in a year, at that point the assessed extra income to the administration will be $12500000.00 and this could b e utilized for giving appropriation to the club. The nearby authority should charge an extraordinary duty of 1% during the wearing season from all the lodgings and cafés (Li, 2014). It is assessed that the commitment to the nearby lodgings and cafés will be $300 million during the wearing season. Along these lines, the extra assessment that will be gathered is $3million. So as to gather charge from retailer of sports things will be troublesome so assessment ought to be gathered at the hour of assembling from the producer. It is assessed that the absolute product sold by the club in the year is $50 million. On the off chance that a duty of 10 percent is gathered it will come to $5 million. explanation indicating assortment of assessed charge Specifics Sum Assessments from vehicle $ 125,000,000.00 Unique Tax @ 1% $ 3,000,000.00 Product charge $ 5,000,000.00 Complete Tax/sponsorship $ 133,000,000.00 End From the above examination it have demonstrated that administration can gather extra assessments from the recipients with the goal that sponsorship could be give to the donning club. This will be exceptionally valuable since it will help the clubs of Canada become progressively serious and furthermore offer help to the expanding costs of running an expert wearing club. Reference Alderson, A. (2015). Sports tech open air textures [Technology Wearables].Engineering Technology,10(1), 84-85. Bednarik, J., Andreff, W., Popovi?, S., Jaki?, D., Kolar, E., Jurak, G. (2013). Money related scientific classification of non-administrative games organizations.Kineziologija,45(2), 241-251. DiRenzo, M. S., Weingarden, S. M., Resick, C. J. (2016). Following the pioneer in sports: A focused on audit and a meeting for expanded research. InLeadership exercises from convincing contexts(pp. 67-93). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Hambleton, J. (2016). Broadway North: make in Canadian innovative industry production.Work Organization, Labor and Globalisation,10(1), 64-79. Hamilton, M. J. (2012). Two Minutes for Slashing My Religion: Religious Discrimination in the Professional Sports Industry.Sports Ent. LJ,2, 125. Hauge, A., Power, D. (2012). Quality, contrast and local bit of leeway: The instance of the winter sports industry.European Urban and Regional Studies, 0969776412448089. Jayawardena, C., Pollard, A., Chort, V., Choi, C., Kibicho, W. (2013). Patterns and manageability in the Canadian the travel industry and cordiality industry.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,5(2), 132-150. Kidd, B. (2013). Sports and masculinity.Sport in Society,16(4), 553-564. Leeds, M., Von Allmen, P. (2016).The financial matters of sports. Routledge. Li, X. (2014). An examination of work efficiency development in the Canadian the travel industry/friendliness industry.Anatolia,25(3), 374-386. Parent, M. M., Chappelet, J. L. (2015).Routledge Handbook of Sports Event Management. Routledge. Slack, T. (2014). The social and business effect of game, the job of game management.European Sport Management Quarterly,14(5), 454-463.

Threat Of New Entrants

Threat Of New Entrants INTRODUCTIONPorter believed that the possibility of new entrants had a significant part to play in developing and changing the competitive dynamics of any industry. Porter’s definition helped people see this threat as substantial and influential. According to his model, this threat changes the competitive environment and directly impacts the profitability of an existing firm. If there is a higher threat of new entrants, this means that there are low barriers to entry and there is high possibility that the industry profit potential will decrease as a whole. This is because more competitors will fight for the same amount of business. Sales and market shares will be redistributed and there may be an effect on price and product quality.Means of Entry into a MarketHow a new firm enters a market can happen in a number of ways:Take-over: A company from outside the industry may take-over an existing firm, thereby avoiding any of the traditional barriers to entry within the firm. This firm may bring new and innovative expertise to the industry, thus changing the competitive dynamics for everyone.Diversification: Product diversification from existing firms into other categories.Competitive advantage: Foreign based competition, through development of a specific competitive advantage can also be a threat.Demand: Increased demand may result in increased prices thereby allowing a new entrant to make use of this increase and offset any high costs of market entry.Control: Existing firms may choose to control how a new firm enters the market rather than attempt to stop any new competitors from emerging.DETERMINING NATURE OF THREAT Within the five forces model, the factor of Threat of New Entrants analyzes how likely it is for a new entrant or entrants to enter the competitive environment a company operates within. There is less chance of this happening if there are at least some form of barriers to entry into the industry such as strict regulations, need for specialized knowledge or high investment requirements. Conversely, there is less chance of new companies entering the market if there is significant profit potential and not many obstacles in the way to achieving this profit. © Entrepreneurial Insights based on the concept of Porters 5 ForcesIn this article, we will look at an 1) introduction to the threat of new entrants, 2) determining the nature of the threat, 3) responding to new entrants â€" strategic entry deterrence, and 4) an example of amazon.com and the threat of new entrants.INTRODUCTIONPorter believed that the possibility of new entrants had a significant part to play in developing and changing the competitive dynamics of any industry. Porter’s definition helped people see this threat as substantial and influential. According to his model, this threat changes the competitive environment and directly impacts the profitability of an existing firm. If there is a higher threat of new entrants, this means that there are low barriers to entry and there is high possibility that the industry profit potential will decrease as a whole. This is because more competitors will fight for the same amount of business. Sales and market shares will be redist ributed and there may be an effect on price and product quality.Means of Entry into a MarketHow a new firm enters a market can happen in a number of ways:Take-over: A company from outside the industry may take-over an existing firm, thereby avoiding any of the traditional barriers to entry within the firm. This firm may bring new and innovative expertise to the industry, thus changing the competitive dynamics for everyone.Diversification: Product diversification from existing firms into other categories.Competitive advantage: Foreign based competition, through development of a specific competitive advantage can also be a threat.Demand: Increased demand may result in increased prices thereby allowing a new entrant to make use of this increase and offset any high costs of market entry.Control: Existing firms may choose to control how a new firm enters the market rather than attempt to stop any new competitors from emerging.DETERMINING NATURE OF THREATThere may be many ways to determin e whether there is an active threat to a market or industry from new entrants. Most of these can be categorized within the potential barriers to entry that exist for that industry.Entry barriersConditions within a competitive environment that affect a company’s decision to enter into a market or not are called barriers to entry. These barriers may make it easy or difficult for a business to enter into the market and establish their presence. Barriers may exist in some industries or in some markets but not in others. There is also a chance that they exist but are not enforced strictly. There are many types of barriers to entry including those created by the government, by the existing companies, by the nature of the business and by the existing industry structure.Types of Barriers to Entry © Entrepreneurial InsightsThere are many types of barriers to entry into a market. Some of these include:Economies of Scale: When manufacturing or selling at a large scale, companies are able to avail cost advantages because per unit costs of the product fall. So the more the company produces in quantity the more the benefit. When existing companies have this advantage, it can act as a barrier to entry because a new entrant will have to try to match the scale to achieve the same cost advantage as the existing company. This may not be possible at the initial stage.A Differentiated Product: If the product being sold by the existing company or companies is highly differentiated or enjoys strong brand loyalty, then this can act as a strong barrier to entry. The new entrant will have to invest in creating a product with newer and unique features and benefits that surpass those offered by the old company. In addition, there will need to be strong efforts to break existing brand loyalties and shift them to a new untested company.High Capital Costs: If an industry requires huge capital investments at the onset, then this will act as a barrier to entry for many of the potential entrants. Only those will attempt to enter the competitive fray who have the resources to make this high initial investment.Other Cost Advantages: Apart from those cost benefits that come from economies of scale, there are other advantages that an existing firm may enjoy. These include access to the best suppliers, an understanding of existing materials and knowledge of their quality, possession of any necessary and important patents, and proprietary information and technological knowledge. There are also learning advantages, achieved over years of business and experience.Cost of Switching: The cost associated with a consumer’s move from one company or product or another is called the switching cost. If there are significant switching costs, then a new entrant may not be able to create means o f removing these. Or, they may have to offer significant advantage to counter these switching costs at their own expense.Distribution Network: Often, distribution relationships are well established and may prove to be a strong barrier to entry for a new company. A new entrant will obviously need access to these distribution channels but will need to invest extra in order to engage distributors who have established relations with existing competitors.Suppliers: As with distributors, suppliers may be vital to the operations of a new business. Existing suppliers may have contracts or loyalties with existing companies and may prove to be difficult to form relationships with.Legal and Government Created Barriers: Government and regulatory requirements such as permits and licenses may be a strong barrier to entry. There may also be laws governing ways to conduct business that may conflict with a company’s practices in other countries.Barriers to Exit: Interestingly, barriers to exit may act as a deterrent to entry by new companies. If a company is unable to easily leave a competitive environment in case business does not work out, then it will have to stay and compete even if that is a detrimental business practice. In this case, the company may choose to not enter the market in the first place.Analyzing Entry BarriersWhen analyzing the threat of new entrants, there are two things to keep in mind. One is that not all possible barriers to entry may apply to all organizations, and two, the existence of barriers to entry does not mean that the decision to enter the market should be cancelled. Instead, there needs to be an analysis and understanding of these barriers and strategies formed to counter these threats. As an existing company, it is also a good idea to keep a check on the industry dynamics to anticipate the threat of new entrants as the industry changes and evolves. Some questions to ask are given below. These may help in determining if the barriers to entr y are low or high. These will then directly impact whether the threat of new entrants is high or low.Does profitability require economies of scale?Are products generic and undifferentiated?Are brand names strong and well recognized?Is there a need for high initial capital investment?Are there any significant switching costs for consumers?Is it possible to align with and access existing distribution channels?Is location an issue?Is there any proprietary technology required?Is there any proprietary or specialized raw material required?How complicated are the government regulations, laws and policies?How strong is the expected retaliation from existing firms?Answering these questions realistically and candidly will help a company establish the barriers surrounding a potential new market or its own market and consequently, the nature of the threat from new entrants.RESPONDING TO NEW ENTRANTS â€" STRATEGIC ENTRY DETERRENCE © Entrepreneurial InsightsExisting firms in the market can take concrete steps to discourage new entrants from making moves to enter the market. These steps, or strategic entry deterrence, can be any action towards creating or strengthening barriers to entry for the industry. Not all of these activities are positive actions however, and several can come under anti-competitive practices and may open a company up to scrutiny and in violation of competition laws and regulations.Some of these activities include:Limit Pricing: A company may choose to produce a larger output of products at a lower price than what competitors would be able to sell at if they were to enter the market. This strategy is known as limit pricing. If this method is used successfully, not only will the incumbent affect price, but will also end up serving a larger share of the market, thus leaving less open for a competitor. A company may only be able to do this if it has been enjoying higher than normal profits fo r a whole and has the capacity to increase production at minimal cost increases. In addition, it is only a viable strategy if the profits earned at limit pricing are still higher than what would be risked if a competitor was to enter the market.Signaling: If information regarding an existing firm’s operations is not widely available, then this company can use different moves to send signals that will affect a potential new entrant’s decision to enter a market or not. Since the new company will be assuming information, the incumbent can send any signal it wants to achieve the desired results. An example could be limit pricing, thereby sending a signal of potential lack of substantial profits. Any signal sent needs to be backed by actual ability to make the signal last over a longer period of time.Preemptive Deterrence: Another way to hold off competitors is to engage customers such that switching becomes a less viable or desirable option. This can be achieved through the creation of strong brand loyalty, strong market visibility, special benefits or promotions, or some form of memberships of contracts that need to be completed. These strategies may warrant price drops or special offers from a new entrant which will be at the cost of profit margins and may end up discouraging entry into the market.Predatory Pricing: One form of strategic deterrence is predatory pricing, where a company may price below its actual profits. The idea is to discourage entry into the market or drive a competitor out of business. Once this end is achieved, the incumbent will simply raise prices back up to former levels. An aggressive strategy, this method sends a clear signal to the potential new entrant that strong retaliation can be expected in the market. Though this method seems to be extreme in terms of the lost profit, it has long term benefits of not only deterring the current new entrant threat but also any future threats by establishing an aggressive reputation of the incu mbent.This action can come under anti-trust practices and monopoly concerns so the decision to use this should be taken after careful consideration of possible repercussions.  Predicting Incumbent ResponseHow an incumbent firm or firms respond to the threat of a new entrant can depend on a number of factors. No all industries and not all companies will respond in a similar way. In addition, the strength and aggression of the response can also vary according to current market conditions, trends and consumer behavior.Some instances where a strong reaction can be expected include:If there has been an established history of aggressive response from incumbents in an industry, then the likelihood of this behavior being repeated is high.If the existing firms have strong cash flows, strong brand loyalty, strong market visibility, established partnerships with distributors and suppliers and a high capacity to produce goods then there is a strong chance that they will protect their position i n the market with a strong response to potential new competitors.If an incumbent has committed to the industry and in the low run seeks to stay relevant and competitive, then it is highly likely that it will try to prevent new entrants from joining the fray.If the industry growth has been slow or has slowed down over time, there will be stronger motivation for a company to protect its sales and market share by not allowing a new company to come in and steal a part of the pie. In this case, a hard stance should be expected by a new entrant.EXAMPLE AMAZON.COMThe Company © Wikimedia commonsAmazon.com, an international e-commerce company, went online in 1995 from the USA. It remains the largest online retailer in the world with separate websites for the US, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, China, India and Australia. Additional country specific sites are being developed with international shipping available on some products to other parts of the world.Amazon began as an online supplier of books. Operations soon expanded to include items such as DVDs, CDs, video and audio downloads, software, video games, electronics, clothes, furniture, food items, children’s items and toys, as well as jewelry. The company has also diversified into consumer electronics production and distribution with the most popular items being the Kindle E-book reader and Kindle Fire tablets. Another new technology being offered is cloud computing services.Threat of New EntrantsGiven the nature of the business, there is always a threat of new entrants as it is relatively less costly to enter the market and setup operations. There is no additional cost incurred to set up any physical stores and locations. In addition, traditional established physical stores can easily move into online retailing and bring with them their substantial consumer base. These stores such as Target or Walmart, already enjoy economies of scale, have recognizable brands and a strong supply chain. So they do pose strong competition to Amazon.That said, the threat from brand new entrants remains low as it would be nearly impossible for a new company to match the cost advantages, economies of scale and variety of offering as Amazon.com. These advantages will deter most brand new entrants to the market.Substantial Economies of ScaleAmazon works with over 10,000 vendors and boasts an impressive 75 percent repeat purchasers. Its market capitalization is substantially ahead of its nearest competitors.First Mover AdvantageAs the pioneer online retailer, A mazon has the necessary brand awareness and credibility as a strong reliable presence in the market.Massive product VarietyWay beyond a bookstore now, Amazon.com provides any type of product there is in its online stores. This means that there is a strong supplier base relationship that cannot be replicated. In addition, as a bookseller and a provider of other entertainment channels such as movies, videos and music, Amazon.com has established relationships with publishers, producers, movie studies and music producers which are not easy to form and replicate.Image credit:  Wikimedia commons under public domain.

Race in College Admission

Race in College Admission June 13, 2013 Justice Anthony Kennedy could be the decisive vote on the use of race as a factor in college admissions. Will the consideration of race in college admission stand? The Supreme Court of the United States of America is poised to rule on Abigail Noel Fishers appeal this coming week in her case that has the potential to trigger shockwaves across the college admissions landscape. Abigail Fisher was denied admission to the University of Texas at Austin and her claim is that her race was the primary reason (she is Caucasian) why she was rejected in 2008. It could be a close decision with some justices possibly feeling as though its no longer necessary to use race as a factor in college admissions, that this time has passed, while others may feel it should still be a factor in admissions with the goal of increasing the diversity of colleges throughout the United States. Conservative justices are those who are more likely than their liberal counterparts to believe race has run its course as a factor in college admissions. And with the retirement of Justice Sandra Day OConnor, whose decisive vote ten years ago allowed for the consideration of race in the college admissions process, it is possible that this week could bring a major shakeup to the world of college admissions. The Obama administration, it should be noted, supports the University of Texas at Austin not Ms. Fisher. And the administration does so in the name of supporting diversity to build a stronger nation. How do you think the Supreme Court will rule? Do you think the decision will happen this week? If so, do you think Justice Anthony Kennedy will be the swing vote or will it not come down to the vote of one Supreme Court Justice? Let us know your thoughts on the potential landmark Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin case by posting a comment below!

Over The Past Few Years, My Understanding Of Social Work

Over the past few years, my understanding of social work has changed tremendously. I first thought of the field as fixed, rigid, and one-dimensional. The more I learn about social work, however, the more I realize how vast and constantly evolving it is. Social workers study both empirical evidence as well as abstract theory and everything in between. In my studies at Vassar, I have learned the importance of a multi-systems approach to understanding a phenomenon. In my neuroscience classes, I learned that in order to gain the most accurate understanding of a behavior or mental function, one must study interactions at the level of the synapse, at genetic and evolutionary levels, in the context of an organism’s environment, and with†¦show more content†¦Another important aspect of social work is acknowledging our own privileges and disadvantages. In working with homeless people, I realized how incredibly fortunate I was and am to have a roof over my head and food on the table every day. Being a straight cis-white woman from an upper-class family, I have not seen the vast social and financial hardships that most Americans face every day. In acknowledging this privilege, I am better able to acknowledge and help those around me. With everything I am so fortunate for, however, I must also acknowledge my own social and personal hardships. Growing up in a household afflicted by alcoholism and depression forced me to become independent at a very young age. This experience, along with being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder when I was ten-years-old, has influenced my passion for mental health. Because I was lucky enough to have access to early intervention, I was healthier and happier, I could concentrate better in classes, and I more easily made and maintained friendships. 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